Research and Data Centers

Research and Data Centers

This page provides a curated multidisciplinary directory of scientific data centers, mission archives, catalogues, research platforms, analysis tools, repositories, and preprint services that may assist IJFPS authors in developing research questions, collecting and evaluating data, performing analyses, validating results, and preparing reproducible scientific articles.

Scope: astronomy, astrophysics, exoplanets, solar physics, heliophysics, neutrinos, Earth and atmospheric sciences, climate, remote sensing, geophysics, materials science, nuclear and particle physics, chemistry, biology, palaeoscience, software, open data, and preprints.

Research responsibility: Inclusion does not constitute IJFPS endorsement of every dataset, model, manuscript, or conclusion available through a service. Researchers must assess provenance, version, uncertainty, completeness, selection effects, licence, citation requirements, and fitness for purpose.

Exoplanets, Stars, and Planetary Habitability

Resource Type Origin / Operator Principal use
NASA Exoplanet Archive Authoritative archive NASA–Caltech / USA Confirmed planets, systems, host stars, candidates, transit data, atmospheric spectroscopy, microlensing, direct imaging, APIs, and downloadable tables.
Exoplanet and Candidate Statistics Statistics NASA–Caltech / USA Current confirmed-planet and candidate counts organized by discovery method and mission.
NASA Exoplanet Data Resources Data tables NASA–Caltech / USA Direct access to Planetary Systems, Composite Parameters, Stellar Hosts, atmospheric observations, TESS, Kepler, microlensing, and imaging tables.
NASA Exoplanet Catalog Interactive catalogue NASA / USA Accessible planet catalogue, interactive visualizations, system information, and discovery context.
NASA Exoplanet Exploration Research information NASA / USA NASA exoplanet missions, discoveries, methods, science articles, visualizations, and educational resources.
Encyclopaedia of Exoplanetary Systems Exoplanet database Paris Observatory / France Planets, candidates, host stars, system parameters, filters, plots, and bibliography.
Exoplanet Data Explorer Orbital database California Planet Survey / USA Curated spectroscopic orbital parameters and interactive analysis of exoplanet properties.
ExoKyoto Comparative database Kyoto University / Japan Exoplanet environments, stellar properties, habitable-zone comparisons, and visualization.
Open Exoplanet Catalogue Open-source catalogue Open-source / International Machine-readable, community-maintained data and source files for reproducible computational studies.
PHL Habitable Worlds Catalog Habitability catalogue University of Puerto Rico / USA Potentially habitable-world candidates and comparative metrics. “Potentially habitable” does not demonstrate actual habitability.
NASA Habitable Zone Resource Scientific background NASA / USA Current explanation and visualization of circumstellar habitable zones; used here in place of the former Habitable Zone Gallery.
NASA Exoplanet Modeling and Analysis Center Models and software NASA / USA Catalog, repository, and integration platform for exoplanet models, software, and analysis resources.
Filtergraph Visualization USA Interactive filtering, plotting, tabulation, and exploration of large uploaded datasets.
RECONS Nearby stars RECONS / USA Research Consortium On Nearby Stars: nearby-star measurements, census work, parallaxes, and publications.
Exoplanet Transit Database Transit observations Czech Astronomical Society / Czechia Transit predictions, light curves, timing data, and amateur/professional observing contributions associated with the Czech Astronomical Society.

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International Astronomy and Astrophysics Archives

Resource Type Origin / Operator Principal use
Strasbourg Astronomical Data Center Astronomy data center CDS / France Portal for SIMBAD, VizieR, Aladin, X-Match, and Virtual Observatory services.
SIMBAD Object database CDS / France Identifiers, coordinates, object types, measurements, bibliography, and cross-identifications.
VizieR Catalogue service CDS / France Published astronomical catalogues, survey tables, and supplementary datasets.
Aladin Sky Atlas Visualization CDS / France Sky images, surveys, catalogue overlays, object queries, and interactive exploration.
CDS X-Match Catalogue matching CDS / France Cross-matching large astronomical catalogues by sky position.
Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes Mission archive STScI–NASA / USA Hubble, Webb, TESS, Kepler, and other optical, ultraviolet, and near-infrared mission data.
ESA Gaia Archive Astrometry archive ESA / Europe Positions, parallaxes, proper motions, photometry, spectroscopy, and astrophysical parameters.
ESO Science Archive Observatory archive ESO / Europe Raw observations, calibrations, catalogues, and processed products from ESO facilities.
ESASky Discovery portal ESA / Europe All-sky discovery and visualization across ESA missions and partner archives.
ESA Planetary Science Archive Planetary archive ESA / Europe Data from ESA planetary, cometary, asteroid, lunar, and interplanetary missions.
NASA HEASARC High-energy archive NASA / USA Extreme-ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma-ray, and cosmic-microwave-background mission data.
NASA/IPAC IRSA Infrared archive NASA–Caltech / USA WISE, Spitzer, IRAS, 2MASS, Planck, Herschel, and other infrared/submillimeter holdings.
JAXA DARTS Space-science archive JAXA / Japan Astrophysics, solar, solar-terrestrial, lunar, planetary, and ISS science data.
Japanese Virtual Observatory Virtual observatory NAOJ / Japan Integrated discovery and visualization of Japanese and international images, spectra, and catalogues.
SMOKA Science Archive Observatory archive NAOJ / Japan Subaru and other Japanese optical/infrared observatory data.
NASA Astrophysics Data System Literature Harvard–NASA / USA Astronomy and physics literature, citation networks, authors, references, and dataset links.

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Solar Physics, Heliophysics, Space Weather, and Neutrinos

Resource Type Origin / Operator Principal use
ESA Solar Orbiter Archive Solar mission ESA / Europe Solar Orbiter remote-sensing and in-situ data for the Sun, heliosphere, solar wind, magnetic fields, and particles.
World Data Center SILSO Sunspot archive Royal Observatory / Belgium International sunspot-number production, preservation, downloadable time series, and solar-cycle information.
Solar Influences Data and Analysis Centre Solar/space weather Royal Observatory / Belgium Solar observations, activity reports, operational monitoring, forecasts, and Solar Orbiter support.
SOLARNET Virtual Observatory European solar VO Royal Observatory / Belgium Search and programmatic access across participating European solar archives.
Virtual Solar Observatory Distributed archive International Federated search for solar observations from multiple missions, instruments, and providers.
NASA Heliophysics Data Portal Heliophysics portal NASA / USA Solar, interplanetary, magnetospheric, ionospheric, and heliospheric dataset discovery.
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center Operational monitoring NOAA / USA Solar wind, flares, geomagnetic indices, radiation events, alerts, forecasts, and observations.
NOAA Solar Flares and Events Historical data NOAA / USA Legacy solar-flare, radio-burst, solar-event, and ionospheric-disturbance records.
Borexino Open Data Solar-neutrino data INFN / Italy Public data and documentation from the low-energy solar-neutrino experiment at Gran Sasso.
Super-Kamiokande Low-Energy Data Solar-neutrino data University of Tokyo / Japan Solar-neutrino rate, time-variation, oscillation, and related low-energy analysis data.
HEPData Numerical publication data CERN / International Tables, measurements, distributions, and uncertainties associated with particle and astroparticle papers.
INSPIRE Literature/discovery CERN / International High-energy and astroparticle literature, authors, datasets, experiments, and citations.

Solar-neutrino data are distributed among experiment-specific archives and publication supplements. Researchers should consult each experiment’s documentation and associated peer-reviewed papers before combining measurements.

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Earthquakes, Seismology, Geodesy, and Solid-Earth Science

Authoritative and widely used services for earthquake catalogues, seismic waveforms, station metadata, focal mechanisms, ground motion, geodesy, tectonics, tsunamis, hazard assessment, and reproducible solid-Earth research.

Resource Type Origin / Operator Principal use
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Global earthquake service USGS / USA Latest events, searchable earthquake catalogue, shakemaps, moment tensors, finite-fault products, hazards, feeds, and APIs.
FDSN Data Center Registry Global registry FDSN / International International registry of seismic data centers, networks, stations, datasets, and interoperable FDSN web services.
EarthScope Data Services Seismic and geodetic data NSF–EarthScope / USA Waveforms, station metadata, event products, GNSS, strain, borehole, and related geophysical data and tools.
International Seismological Centre Reviewed global catalogue ISC / United Kingdom ISC Bulletin, reviewed hypocentres, phase readings, station information, event bibliographies, and global seismicity products.
European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre Rapid event information EMSC / Europe Rapid earthquake locations, felt reports, regional and global seismicity, maps, and public data services.
GEOFON Network and archive GFZ / Germany Global real-time earthquake monitoring, broadband seismic network data, event parameters, waveforms, and FDSN services.
ORFEUS European seismology ORFEUS / Europe European waveform archives, strong-motion data, station metadata, computational services, and data discovery.
Global Centroid-Moment-Tensor Project Source mechanisms Global CMT / USA Centroid locations, seismic moments, focal mechanisms, and moment-tensor solutions for global earthquakes.
Japan Meteorological Agency Monitoring and bulletins JMA / Japan Earthquake, seismic-intensity, tsunami, volcanic, and early-warning information for Japan and surrounding regions.
NIED Hi-net High-sensitivity network NIED / Japan Japanese hypocentre catalogues, waveform data, station metadata, focal mechanisms, and nationwide seismic-network products.
GeoNet Geohazards network GNS Science / New Zealand Earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, tsunami, GNSS deformation, strong motion, maps, catalogues, and APIs for New Zealand.
Geoscience Australia Earthquakes National catalogue Geoscience Australia / Australia Recent and historical Australian earthquakes, event maps, parameters, bulletins, and hazard information.
Swiss Seismological Service National seismic service SED–ETH Zürich / Switzerland Swiss earthquake catalogue, waveforms, hazard models, station information, reports, and research products.
EPOS Data Services Solid-Earth infrastructure EPOS / Europe Multidisciplinary European access to seismology, geodesy, volcano, geological, laboratory, and anthropogenic-hazard data.
Global Earthquake Model Foundation Risk and hazard models GEM / International Open earthquake-hazard and risk models, exposure data, vulnerability tools, OpenQuake software, and global datasets.
NOAA Significant Earthquake Database Historical hazards NOAA / USA Historical destructive earthquakes, effects, casualties, damage, locations, magnitudes, and associated tsunami information.
Iranian Seismological Center National seismic network University of Tehran / Iran Iranian earthquake reports, seismic-network observations, catalogues, station information, and regional seismicity resources.
International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology Research institute IIEES / Iran Earthquake engineering, seismology, geotechnical research, risk reduction, publications, and scientific information.

Data-use note: Event parameters can differ among agencies because of network coverage, velocity models, magnitude scales, processing methods, and review status. Cite the specific catalogue, product version, access date, and DOI where available.

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Earth, Atmosphere, Climate, Satellite, and Geophysical Data

Resource Type Origin / Operator Principal use
NASA Earthdata Earth-observation archive NASA / USA Atmosphere, climate, land, oceans, cryosphere, hydrology, hazards, and biological processes.
NASA Worldview Visualization NASA / USA Interactive global satellite imagery and near-real-time Earth-observation layers.
NASA MODIS Data Satellite products NASA / USA Terra/Aqua products for atmosphere, land, oceans, cryosphere, aerosols, clouds, and surface properties.
NASA Blue Marble Global imagery NASA / USA High-resolution global Earth imagery and visualization products.
NOAA Climate Data Online Climate archive NOAA / USA Historical temperature, precipitation, wind, snowfall, radar, station histories, and climate normals.
NASA GISS GISTEMP Temperature analysis NASA / USA Global surface-temperature change estimates, tables, maps, methods, and source data.
HadCRUT5 Climate dataset Met Office–UEA / UK Global historical surface-temperature anomalies from the Met Office and Climatic Research Unit.
Berkeley Earth Data Temperature dataset USA Land and ocean temperature series, gridded fields, and analysis products.
Climate Data Guide Dataset guidance NCAR / USA Expert descriptions, strengths, limitations, and access information for climate datasets.
Copernicus Atmosphere Data Store Atmospheric data European Union Air quality, aerosols, greenhouse gases, ozone, UV, emissions, forecasts, and reanalysis.
Copernicus Climate Data Store Climate data European Union ERA reanalyses, observations, projections, seasonal forecasts, indicators, APIs, and applications.
Copernicus Data Space Earth observation European Union Sentinel and Copernicus datasets, visualization, processing, and APIs.
EUMETSAT User Portal Meteorological satellites EUMETSAT / Europe European weather, climate, atmosphere, ocean, and land satellite products.
CEDA Archive Environmental archive NERC / United Kingdom Atmospheric, climate, Earth-observation, and environmental research datasets.
USGS EarthExplorer Geospatial archive USGS / USA Satellite imagery, aerial photography, elevation, land cover, and geological data.
Google Earth Engine Cloud analysis International / See provider Large-scale geospatial processing, satellite imagery, climate data, and time-series analysis.
OneGeology Geology portal International International geological maps and geoscience data from participating surveys.
NOAA Paleoclimatology Palaeoclimate NOAA / USA Proxy records, reconstructions, ice cores, tree rings, sediments, and historical climate data.

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Physics, Materials, Nuclear, and Particle-Physics Resources

Resource Type Origin / Operator Principal use
NIST Physical Reference Data Reference data NIST / USA Physical constants, atomic spectra, ionization energies, X-ray data, and evaluated reference values.
Materials Project Materials database DOE / USA Computed structures, phase diagrams, electronic properties, thermodynamics, and APIs.
NOMAD Laboratory Materials repository FAIRmat / Europe Computational materials data, simulations, standardized metadata, and workflows.
IAEA EXFOR Nuclear-reaction data IAEA / International Experimental nuclear-reaction measurements and bibliographic information.
IAEA LiveChart of Nuclides Nuclear structure IAEA / International Interactive nuclide properties, decay information, and nuclear-structure data.
CERN Open Data Portal Experimental data CERN / International Datasets, software, documentation, and examples from CERN experiments.

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Chemical, Biological, Microbiological, and Palaeoscience Resources

Resource Type Origin / Operator Principal use
PubChem Chemical database NIH / USA Structures, identifiers, physical/chemical properties, biological activities, safety, and literature.
RCSB Protein Data Bank Structural biology RCSB PDB / USA Three-dimensional structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and molecular complexes.
NCBI Datasets Molecular biology NIH / USA Genome, gene, protein, virus, and taxonomy datasets.
ATCC Biological materials USA Authenticated cell lines, microorganisms, reference materials, and associated information; access may be restricted or paid.
World Data Centre for Microorganisms Microbial collections WFCC–WDCM / International Culture-collection information and global microbial-resource discovery.
LPSN Prokaryotic nomenclature DSMZ / Germany Names of prokaryotes with standing in nomenclature and related taxonomic information.
Ribosomal Database Project Sequence data Michigan State University / USA Curated ribosomal RNA sequences, alignment, classification, and analysis tools.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System Taxonomy US Government / USA Authoritative taxonomic names and hierarchical classification.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Biodiversity GBIF / International Open species-occurrence, taxonomy, geographic, and ecological records.
Paleobiology Database Fossil data International Fossil occurrences, taxonomy, stratigraphy, palaeogeography, and analytical tools.
EarthByte Palaeogeography University of Sydney / Australia Plate reconstructions, tectonic models, GPlates resources, and deep-time Earth datasets.
BioNumbers Quantitative biology Harvard–NASA / USA Experimentally measured biological quantities with source references.

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Multidisciplinary Open Data, Software, and Repositories

Resource Type Origin / Operator Principal use
Zenodo Open repository CERN–OpenAIRE / Europe Datasets, software, reports, figures, and other research outputs with DOI assignment.
Dryad Research data Dryad / International Curated datasets associated with scholarly publications.
Figshare Research outputs Digital Science / United Kingdom Datasets, figures, software, posters, presentations, and supplementary materials.
DataCite Commons Discovery DataCite / International DOI-registered datasets, software, people, organizations, and related outputs.
NASA Open Data Portal Government open data NASA / USA Space science, engineering, aeronautics, Earth science, mission, and operations datasets.
Data.gov US public data US Government / USA Multidisciplinary datasets from United States government agencies.
Data.gov.uk UK public data UK Government / UK United Kingdom public-sector datasets across environment, science, society, transport, and government.
NASA Scientific Visualization Studio Scientific visualization NASA / USA Data-driven visualizations, animations, images, and explanatory media for Earth and space science.

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Preprint and Research-Development Services

Resource Service type Origin / Operator Status and use
arXiv Moderated preprints Cornell University / USA Preprints in physics, astronomy, mathematics, computer science, statistics, and related fields. Moderation is not journal peer review.
viXra Independent preprints Independent / United Kingdom Public distribution of submitted manuscripts. Posting does not indicate peer review, validation, endorsement, or acceptance.
NikoUArxive Preprint Archive Preprint/development NikoUArxive / International Preliminary manuscript presentation and research-development support. Public posting requires author authorization and does not indicate journal acceptance.
NikoUArxive Published Archive Published records NikoUArxive / International Searchable records of final journal versions with bibliographic and DOI information.

Preprint reliability notice

Preprints may communicate valuable research rapidly, but they have not necessarily undergone independent peer review. Verify important claims, equations, data, references, and conclusions and cite the final peer-reviewed version when available.

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Historical or Replaced Resources

  • NASA Star and Exoplanet Database (NStED): repurposed into the current NASA Exoplanet Archive.
  • PHL Habitable Exoplanets Catalog: replaced by the PHL Habitable Worlds Catalog in 2024.
  • Habitable Zone Gallery: retained as a historically important project, but the master page links to current NASA and PHL habitability resources.
  • The Neighborhood/NStars: no longer maintained; current nearby-star research is better supported through RECONS, Gaia, SIMBAD, and VizieR.
  • Older satellite and climate product pages: replaced where appropriate by NASA Earthdata, Copernicus, NOAA NCEI, EUMETSAT, and current mission archives.

Good Practice When Using External Data

  • Record the resource, dataset/table, release or version, access date, query, filters, and quality flags.
  • Cite the original dataset, catalogue or mission paper, software, and archive according to provider instructions.
  • Preserve raw and processed data and document cleaning, transformations, exclusions, and code.
  • Distinguish observed values from estimated, inferred, modeled, or imputed quantities.
  • Evaluate uncertainty, missing data, duplicates, selection effects, calibration, and known limitations.
  • Cross-check critical values against original publications or an independent authoritative source.
  • Include a Data and Code Availability Statement and persistent dataset/software identifiers where available.

External resource notice

These resources are operated by independent organizations. IJFPS does not control their availability, coverage, update schedules, access requirements, licences, or technical accuracy. Authors remain responsible for verifying the suitability, provenance, ethical status, and permitted use of external data.