Authors: Hamed Tahmasebi Zave, Farshid Iravani Ghadim, Morteza Hessari
Affiliations: Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Restoration, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Emails: hamed.tahmasebizave@yahoo.com
Journal: International Journal of Fundamental Physical Sciences (IJFPS)
Volume: 5, Issue: 3, Pages: 77-81, Date: September, 2015
ISSN: 2231-8186
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14331/ijfps.2015.330090
North east of Iran held critical importance in the Bronze Age due to its strategic trade routes. This study explores the evolution of transportation methods in the region based on archaeological data. Initially reliant on human and cow labor, Bronze Age traders later used camels and equids, including horses and donkeys, for long-distance transport. Chariots evolved from two-wheeled to four-wheeled variants, enabling more efficient trade. Road construction efforts by ruling authorities further advanced commerce. Artifacts and skeletal remains from settlements like Altyn-Depe and Gonur Depe substantiate the widespread use of animal-drawn vehicles and highlight the socio-economic transformations of the time.
Chariots, Wheel, Camel, Cow, Equidae, Transportation, Trade